HEART DISEASE
Surface Anatomy ;
The heart lies within the left thoracic cavity. The base of the heart is located superiorly, approximately between the second and third rib; the apex is located inferiorly, approximately at the level of the fifth rib. In this position, the heart is rotated in the sagittal plane so that the right ventricle (RV) is positioned anterior to the left ventricle (LV) and tipped anteriorly, bringing the apex closer to the chest wall. In the posterior–anterior view of a chest x-ray, the RV occupies a significant portion of the frontal plane. he right atrium (RA) is generally located in the area of the second intercostal spaces and the angle of Louis. When one palpates the sternum, the angle of Louis is the “bump” that demarcates the manubrium from the body of the sternum.
The second intercostal spaces are lateral and slightly below the angle of Louis. The second intercostal spaces are an important auscultatory landmark; the right space is known as the aortic area, the left as the pulmonic area. he apex of the normal heart is in the fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line. In a healthy heart, this area, known as the point of maximal impulse (PMI), is where the contraction of the LV is most pronounced.
HEART TISSUE
MORE DETAILS VISTS PHYSIOTHERAPY CLINIC (ROYAL-PHYSIO)
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